《文学理论研究书系:<尤利西斯>的小说艺术》:
First, the individual subject is an "I" , however difficult or even im possible it may be for others or the subject itself to understand this "I". This is the modern fascination with the self and Joyce's concern with first-person individual consciousness. The self thus burdens itself with the obligation of creativity, self-generation and autonomous action. It is in this context that the distinction between the exterior and the interior of individual consciousness in Ulysses becomes significant. As the metaphorical and spiritual home of individual subject, individual consciousness is qualitatively distinct from the outside. The inside represents the hidden truth of the self. At the same time, it represents something forbidden, unpleasant, ugly and fascinating. With Joyce's exploration of deep recesses of consciousness, the interior becomes a vast and hitherto.unknown "new world". The self-dissection, self-revelation and self-knowledge in stream of consciousness set up the image of individuals as autonomous beings. Individual consciousness attempts to preserve within itself an intact world.
Second, the individual subject in Ulysses is entangled in a web of relationships. In psychological time, the individual consciousness shutdes back and forth in past, present and future. This makes the individual connected with family, social and historical factors. Bloom, Stephen and Molly never get themselves free from their personal experience and social relationships. Even in the inner world, they encounter others. It is such encounter with the immediate social environment that awakens the interior life, and gives rise to a complex, dynamic and sometimes obscure inner structure. The crucial question in the life of Bloom, Stephen and Molly is how to maintain a balanced state between themselves and others, reality and ideal. , Maintaining autonomy in relation to others makes the self-assertion more fully developed.
Third, the individual subject in Ulysses has its own representation of the outside world. With its concern with time, individual consciousness is not only the spiritual home but also the source of agency. Bloom, Stephen and Molly respectively present their own picture of society and establishes themselves as the determiner, When imposing its order on the world, individual subject realizes itself as an active and self-willed force. The world here includes not only the physical environment but also spiritual circumstance, including cultural and historical factors.
……
展开