参考答案
Affiliation refers to having a close relationship with one person or a group. This concept has been applied in advertisements to show the product has a close connection with people. The professor gives an example of two ways to make advertisement for a soda company using the affiliation techniques.
In one of the ads, people are enjoying themselves at a party and drinking a specific kind of soda. Then the message is delivered that drinking this soda makes people have fun. It forms a good relationship between people and product.
In the other ad, people are drinking the same kind of soda at a baseball game when someone takes out a different bottle. This action shocks everyone at the game and creates an awkward moment.
TASK 4-14 Ecosystem
Everything in the natural world is connected. An ecosystem is a natural community, which includes living organisms such as all plants, animals and microorganisms and physical surroundings such as the air, water, and the soil. All the parts work together to make a balanced system by interacting and interdependent relationships. If the ecosystem is harmed by its surroundings or human activity, "resilience" will allow the ecosystem to return to its original situation.
Now listen to part of a talk in a ecology class. The professor is discussing ecosystem.
Let me give you an example.
When oil tankers spill oil on the fragile coastal ecosystem, the oil is spilled on coral reefs and kills many fish. Living organisms like fish are killed, but more than that, this harms the water by stimulating the growth of aquatic plants and algae. Scientists worry that excessive growth of algae blocks light to deeper water and this brings more death to the ecosystem. Attempts to clean up the spill involve human effort, but more surprisingly, organisms restore nature themselves. This is how it works. Algae increase when fish die, then the living fish replace the dead fish to eat the algae. This way the algae are removed from the water. And also this is how the ecosystem recovers from the spill.
Using points and examples from the lecture, explain how the ecosystem is restored in the resilient system.
参考答案
An ecosystem includes living organisms and physical surroundings. All the parts work together to make a balanced system. If the ecosystem is harmed, "resilience" will allow the ecosystem to return to its original situation.
The professor explains this by giving an example of the coastal ecosystem.
After the oil tankers spill oil on the fragile coastal ecosystem, many living organisms like fish are killed and the water is polluted because aquatic plants and algae grow. Scientists worry it will cause deadly harm to its ecosystem. But surprisingly, organisms restore nature themselves. Algae increase when fish die, then the living fish replace the dead fish to eat the algae. Then the algae are removed from the water.
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——张洪伟（新东方教育科技集团助理副总裁兼国外考试推广管理中心主任）
亚飞的这本《新托福口语备考攻略与真题精析》是国内第一本从ETS出题原理出发，从根源上去解构新托福口语考试的优秀作品。这样富有实战性的书值得大家拥有。
——范猛（北京新东方北美考试部总监）
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——邱政政（上海新东方国外考试部总监；悉尼大学教育学硕士；2010世博志愿者外语总培训师；13年古董级教师；口译研究中心主任；上海外语频道ICS主持人。）
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——车延斌（新东方优秀管理者；大学生实战口语创始人；畅销书《超越自我的力量》作者。）