Until late in the nineteenth century, these areas were separately governedBritish colonies. In the late 1800s, Australians realized the advantages to begained by becoming one unified nation. A constitution was drawn up andapproved by the British Parliament in 1901, reflecting the countrys Britishorigin and based on the Westminster system of government.
The King or Queen of England is the official head of state, and has formalpower but little direct authority over Australian laws and government. TheGovernor-General is the monarchs representative.
As in the U.K. and Canada, the Prime Minister is the leader of the party thathas the most members elected to the parliament, which is divided into upper andlower houses. The lower house, the House of Representatives, has 148 memberselected for a three-year term and is essentially the legislative body. Only thishouse can propose and pass bills that affect government money and spending.The upper house, the Senate, has 76 members—— 12 from each state and two fromeach territory. Those from states serve six-year terms; those from territoriesserve three-year terms.
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