虞美人
春花秋月①何时了，往事知多少。小楼昨夜又东风，故匡！不堪回首月明中。
雕栏玉砌应犹在，只是朱颜改。问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流②。
〔赏析〕
李煜前期词作描写奢糜的宫廷生活，几无可取；但亡国后的作品题材宽阔，感情真挚，形象鲜明，语言精炼，具有很强的感染力。作为亡国之君，他在这首《虞芙人》中，淋漓尽致地宣泄了心中的悲恨之情，作为其最后哀音，最为世人熟知。正如王国维所说， “后主之词，真所谓以血书者也。”这也印证了法国作家缪塞的那句名言： “最美丽的诗歌是最绝望的诗歌，有些不朽的篇章是纯粹的眼泪。” 《虞美人》已是这样的不朽之作．
〔注释〕
①月：在汉语诗词中，明月、月光、秋月等都具有思念故土的意象。
②恰似一江春水向东流：此句是以水比愁的名句，形象生动地再现了词人的满腔愁思。如同南宋著名词人李清照的名句。 “只恐双溪舴艋舟，载不动，许多愁。”
……
Yumeiren
When will autumn moon and spring flowers*
Cease to haunt my mind？
Oh，too many past hours
。f the bitterest kind！
Into my lonely chamber last night
Again blew the east wind。
How could I bear in the moon bright
7he longing for my land out of sight？
Carved rails and jade steps must be still there，Only my rosy cheeks have grown pale in despair．How will I describe my sorrow？Ask you may：Just like spring water that flows night and day．**
〔Appreciation〕Lj Yu’S early ci poetry dwelling on the decadent and extravagant court life isoflile value．After the collapse of his country，he poured his sorrows into hisworks，which are marked with sincerity of feelings，graphic images in plainand clipped language，and thereby have a universal appeal．The ci poet didn’tknow what suffering was and what loathing was until he became a captiveking，SO he couldn’t help himself getting them off his chest in the poem TheBeauty Yu．This swan song is often quoted and widely loved，as Wang Guo—wei said，Li Yu’S poem is composed with his blood．As Alfred de Musset，theFrench writer’S famous saying goes，“The most beautiful poetry is the mostdesperate，and some chef-de’oeuvres are pure tears with desperation”，SO iSthis ci poem．
〔Notes〕
In Chinese poems，moon or moonlight is associated with the imagery ofhomesickness．
Just like spring water that flows night and day：It’S a famous simile ex—pressing sorrow by using water．Sorrow is shapeless，invisible and impal—pable，however，the figures of speech such as simile and hyperbole vividlyexpress the ci poet’S deep sorrow．Li Qingzhao，a famous woman ci poet ofthe Southern Song Dynasty（1127—1279）had lines to express her sorrow，“Asmall boat on the Shuangxi River工row，it cannot carry SO much of my sor—row；this iS the only fear．I know．”
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