2.1 雅思大作文的评分标准
学习雅思大作文，我们首先要分析一下评分标准。如果我们都不知道剑桥雅思的要求是什么， 自己一味埋着头按照国内英文考试的思维和套路写，就不可能获得好的成绩。
雅思大作文（task 2）的评分标准有四项，分别是：
标准1：Task response（写作任务回应）
标准2：Coherence and cohesion（连贯与链接）
标准3：Lexical resources（词汇丰富程度）
标准4：Grammatical range and accuracy（语法多样性及准确性）
为了方便上课讲解，我一般都将四个评分标准缩写成TR，CC，LR，GRA
剑桥雅思的官网上有不同分数作文的一些特点，我在这里节选了6 分和7 分作文描述的中英文对照，因为这两个分数段是大部分考生的目标分数段。
范文全文
本文大概7—7.5 分。
Many people today frequent fast-food restaurants, because of the fast pace of life and irregular working hours. Fast food has posed a threat to traditional cuisine in many cultures, and people should put emphasis on the problems that may arise from this change.
The fast food has become a health issue in countries like America, where the number of overweight people has increased dramatically. It is not only because fast food is high in fat, sugar, salt and calories but also because fast food is served in large portions. In general, people who suffer from obesity are more likely to contract heart diseases than normal-weight people. As a consequence, this means that governments have to pour more money in the medical system, which may have an adverse effect on the economic development.
Another problem is that it can affect people’s ways of life, including dietary habits.Traditional means of food preparation are known for the diversity of ingredients, cooking styles and flavours, and many traditional dishes show the evolution of cuisine in different regions. Currently, a vast majority of fast food chains provide American or European food, including hamburgers, fried chicken and pizzas. People’s diet is increasingly monotonous, while some traditional recipes may vanish.
Fast food also has an adverse effect on your family relationship, as people do not participate in family meals as frequently as before. As a general rule, family meals provide family members with an opportunity to communicate with each other and improve mutual understanding. People who always eat outside may not be able to keep up to date with family issues and respond to emotional needs of other family members. Families have become more and more dispersed, and many of us feel lonely and helpless when they have problems in daily lives.
I thus agree that the popularity of fast food is a menace. They not only posea threat to people’s health but also to our cuisine culture and social relationships.
本节关键学习点
代词在书面语和口语有很重要的使用，也是很多学生忽视的地方。代词可以增加句子之间的联系，避免一些关键词的重复。代词本身很简单，但是使用准确不容易。
代词的使用常见的错误有下面一些
错误1：连接词和代词重合使用
错误2：使用you
错误3：重复使用可数名词复数people，students 这些名词在同一句话，不会使用代词They； 或者重复使用不可数名词，但是不会使用代词it
错误4：代词不一致，people 不能和we ,our 连用，单数名词不能和they 一起用
错误5：前面有两个表示人的名词复数出现，还使用they，导致指代不清
错误6：前面是不可数名词，但是后面用They, them, us 这些表示复数的代词
错误7：these, those 不能和不可数名词连用
错误8：this, another 后面只能加可数名词单数，而不是加不可数名词或者名词复数我们下面用这篇文章的一些错误来讲解这些问题
错误1：连接词和代词重合使用
错误的句子：as a consequence, this means that ….. 这里的as a consequence 是多余的，因为后面的this 已经和前面一个句子有联系
错误2：使用you
一般书面语不要用第二人称，因为第二人称比较口语化
错误3：重复使用people，students 这些名词在同一句话，不会使用代词；或者重复使用不可数名词，但是不会使用代词it 。譬如说主体部分第一段，可以改成the fast food has become a health issue…this kind of food is high in fat.
错误4：代词不一致，people 不能和we, our 连用，单数名词不能和they 一起用一般来说people 用their, they
We 用our
单数名词可以用it, this
错误5：前面有两个表示人的名词复数出现，还使用they，导致指代不清
譬如说：many people hardly talk to other members of family, so they are lonely.
这里的They 指代不清楚到底是people, 还是members of family.
可以改成：Many people today feel lonely because they hardly talk to other members of family.
错误6：前面是不可数名词，但是后面用They, them, us 这些表示复数的代词
结尾段最后一句话they 不能指代fast food
错误7：these, those 不能和不可数名词连用
你不能说these knowledge, these equipment, these work 等，因为这些词都是不可数名词
错误8：this, another 后面只能加可数名词单数，而不是加不可数名词或者名词复数
譬如说开头段用了this change, 第三段用了another problem，都是对的，因为change 和problem 是可数名词单数。
……
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