CHAPTER Ⅰ REVIEW OF LITERATURE
1.1 Discourse Markers
1.1.1 Schiffrin and Redeker
1.1.2 Coherence Theory
1.1.3 Relevance Theory
1.1.4 Fraser
1.2 Spoken vs.Written Discourse
1.3 Pragmatic Markers
1.3.1 Theoretica IPerspectives
1.3.2 Pragmatic Markers and Discourse Coherence
1.3.3 Pragmatic Markers and Spoken Interaction
1.3.4 Corpus-based Approach to Pragmatic Markers
1.4 Discourse Markers and Comprehensibility
1.5 Discourse Markers and Communicative Competence
1.5.1 Theoretical Assumptions
1.5.2 Empirical Evidence
1.6 Summary
CHAPTER Ⅱ METHODOLOGY
2.1 Research Purposes
2.2 Analytic Models
2.2.1 Frasers Taxonomy
2.2.2 Stenstroms Inventory
2.3 Elicitation Instrument
2.4 Data Processing
2.5 Operationalization of Task Functions and Contexts
2.5.1 Task Functions
2.5.2 Task Contexts
2.6 The Pilot Study
2.7 The Present Study
2.8 Summary
CHAPTER Ⅲ RESULTS OFIDEATIONAL MARKERS
3.1 Overall Use of ldeational Markers
3.2 Variety of ldeational Markers
3.3 Categorization of Ideational Markers
3.4 Task Functions
3.4.1 Narration
3.4.2 Description
3.4.3 Comparison
3.4.4 Discussion
3.4.5 Hypothesis
3.4.6 Apology
3.5 Summary
CHAPTER Ⅳ RESULTS OF PRAGMATIC MARKERS
4.1 Overall Use of Pragmatic Markers
4.2 Task Contexts
4.2.1 Information Transmission
4.2.2 Cassette Message
4.2.3 Apology
4.3 Summary
CHAPTER Ⅴ CONCLUSION
5.1 Conclusions of the Findings
5.1.1 Ideational Markers
5.1.2 Pragmatic Markers
5.1.3 General Conclusion
5.2 Pedagogical lmplications
5.2.1 Relevance of DMs to English Speaking Classes in China
5.2.2 Pedagogical Suggestions
5.3 Limitations
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
Appendix A:ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines-Speaking(Revised 1999)
Appendix B:Transcript of VOCI Tasks
Appendix C:Transcription Symbols
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