认知篇 正确认知中风,及时送医就诊
1. 什么是中风? ...............................................................................................................002
2. 中风有哪些类型?中风又是脑出血、又是脑缺血,是怎么回事? ......................003
3. 中风能治疗吗? ..........................................................................................................004
4. 治疗中风有哪些方法? ..............................................................................................005
5. 如何知道自己或家属得了中风? ..............................................................................006
急救篇 中风急救,减少残疾
6. 怀疑中风了,如何处理? ...........................................................................................010
7. 能否观察一下,看看是否好转了再决定去不去医院? ...........................................011
8. 需要给急救医生提供哪些资料? ...............................................................................011
9. 急救车会把患者送到哪里? .......................................................................................012
10. 在急救车上,家属应当做什么? ..............................................................................012
11. 到医院急诊室了,家属应当做什么? .......................................................................013
12. 那这样说,是不是中风患者到医院后就要马上用药? ..........................................013
13. 为什么要做CT? ........................................................................................................014
14. 为什么要做化验? ......................................................................................................015
15. 为什么患者做了化验和CT,还要做磁共振(MRI)? ...........................................015
16. 为什么有的患者做了CT,还要做增强CT? ...........................................................016
17. 溶栓是什么? ..............................................................................................................016
18. 溶栓有哪些注意点? ..................................................................................................017
19. 哪些患者能溶栓? ......................................................................................................017
20. 哪些患者不能溶栓? .................................................................................................018
21. 在溶栓治疗前,医生和我谈了很多,我该如何决定?必须签字吗? ..................019
22. 患者在溶栓时,家属要注意什么? ........................................................................020
23. 为什么有的患者溶栓效果好、有的效果不好? ....................................................020
24. 溶栓为什么有时间窗? .............................................................................................021
25. 为什么有的脑梗死患者超过4.5小时的时间窗,医生还可以进行溶栓治疗? .022
26. 脑梗死的治疗,除了溶栓,还有哪些措施? ........................................................023
27. 超过时间窗的脑梗死患者如何治疗? ....................................................................023
28. 为什么有的脑梗死患者需要做取栓治疗? ............................................................024
29. 哪些患者需要做取栓治疗? ....................................................................................024
30. 为什么要做取栓治疗? ............................................................................................025
31. 为什么有的患者取栓了仍然效果差? .....................................................................025
32. 大面积脑梗死除了取栓,还有其他治疗方法吗? ................................................026
33. 取栓也有“时间窗”吗? ........................................................................................026
34. 为什么有的患者取栓后发生了脑出血? ................................................................027
35. 为什么国际上建议对大面积脑梗死患者24小时内可以进行取栓治疗? ..........027
36. 取栓常识有哪些? ....................................................................................................028
37. 大动脉堵塞引起的脑梗死,除了取栓还有其他方法吗? ....................................029
38. 溶栓、取栓把血管再通了,患者就好了吗? ........................................................030
39. 为什么溶栓、取栓后血管再通了,患者还没好? .................................................031
40. 做脑血管造影和放支架是一回事吗? .....................................................................031
41. 哪些中风患者要做急诊脑血管造影? .....................................................................032
42. 为什么强调取栓后的围手术期的处理非常重要? ................................................033
43. 脑梗死需要住院治疗吗? ........................................................................................034
44. 中风后都需要监护吗? ............................................................................................034
45. 中风住院要做哪些化验及检查? ............................................................................035
46. CT有哪几种?MR有哪几种? ................................................................................036
47. 为什么中风患者住院了要做好几次CT/MRI? ......................................................037
48. 什么情况下需要复查脑CT/MRI? ..........................................................................038
49. 卒中单元有哪些处理? ............................................................................................038
50. 脑梗死治疗分几个阶段? ........................................................................................039
51. 为什么脑梗死或脑出血的患者常常出现心脏、肾脏、肺等方面的疾病? .........039
52. 脑血管病有哪些并发症? ........................................................................................040
53. 为什么有些患者来医院时还能走,治疗后病情反而越来越重了? .....................041
54. 用药后患者病情越来越重怎么办? .........................................................................041
55. 如何从CT上判断脑出血和脑梗死? ......................................................................042
56. 如果是脑出血,下一步如何处理? ........................................................................042
57. 脑出血都需要手术吗? ............................................................................................043
58. 脑出血的病因有哪些? ............................................................................................043
59. 脑出血的药物治疗有哪些? ....................................................................................044
60. 脑出血的手术治疗有哪些? ....................................................................................044
61. 脑出血的患者需要做哪些检查? .............................................................................044
62. 中风患者在什么情况下需要做脑血管造影? ........................................................045
63. CTA、MRA、DSA有什么不同?为什么做了CTA/MRA,还要做DSA? ............045
64. 什么是双抗? ............................................................................................................046
65. 双抗治疗有危险吗?会出血吗? ............................................................................047
66. 他汀类药物治疗中风有什么好处? ........................................................................047
67. 什么是双抗+他汀治疗? ........................................................................................048
68. 他汀治疗有什么危险? ............................................................................................048
69. 以前得过脑出血,还能吃阿司匹林吗? ................................................................049
70. 以前有过胃出血,还能吃阿司匹林吗? ................................................................049
康复篇 积极康复治疗,早日回归社会
71. 中风后为什么强调早期康复治疗? .........................................................................052
72. 中风康复治疗的目标是什么? ................................................................................052
73. 中风后有哪些康复手段? ........................................................................................053
74. 中风患者如何进行康复治疗? ................................................................................054
75. 中风康复治疗什么时候最佳? ................................................................................055
76. 什么是良肢位摆放? ................................................................................................056
77. 床上体位转移注意事项有哪些? ............................................................................057
78. 关节活动度训练注意事项有哪些? ........................................................................058
79.吞咽障碍如何进行康复治疗? ................................................................................059
80. 如何协助中风患者下床活动? ................................................................................060
81. 中风的康复程度,与哪些因素有关? ......................................................................061
82. 中风偏瘫患者的常见心理和情感障碍是什么? ....................................................062
83. 中风患者出院后如何进行家庭康复锻炼? ............................................................063
84. 远程康复是怎么回事? ............................................................................................065
85. 中风康复治疗常见的误区有哪些? ........................................................................065
86. 中风后饮食上要注意什么? ....................................................................................067
87. 中风后多长时间复诊一次? ....................................................................................068
88. 中风后为何还要定期检查? ....................................................................................068
89. 中风后要服用哪些药物? ........................................................................................068
90. 中风后服药是终身服还是服一段时间后就可以停了? ........................................069
91. 为何中风患者出院后医生还要求定期做化验? .....................................................069
预防篇 控制危险因素,减少中风发病
92. 引起中风的危险因素有哪些? ................................................................................072
93. 脑动脉硬化、斑块、狭窄是一回事吗? ................................................................073
94. 什么是动脉硬化? ....................................................................................................074
95. 动脉硬化有什么危害? ............................................................................................075
96. 动脉硬化了能变软吗? ............................................................................................075
97. 动脉硬化了该如何治疗? ........................................................................................076
98. 动脉硬化为什么既可以引起脑梗死,又可以引起脑出血? ................................076
99. 颈动脉狭窄和脑动脉狭窄的危害有哪些? ............................................................077
100. 为什么把颈动脉狭窄和脑动脉狭窄放在一起讲? ...............................................078
101. 什么是颈动脉狭窄?如何检查? ............................................................................079
102. 什么是TCD检查? ..................................................................................................080
103. 确诊颈/脑动脉狭窄的标准是什么? ...................................................................080
104. 颈/脑动脉狭窄有什么症状? ................................................................................081
105. 颈/脑动脉狭窄需要治疗吗? ...............................................................................082
106. 颈/脑动脉狭窄如何治疗? ...................................................................................083
107. 治疗颈/脑动脉狭窄的药物有哪些? ...................................................................084
108. 治疗颈/脑动脉狭窄的介入方法有哪些? ...........................................................085
109. 脑动脉狭窄在什么情况下需要做介入治疗? .......................................................086
110. 颈/脑动脉狭窄的介入治疗有风险吗? ................................................................088
111. 脑动脉狭窄介入治疗后需要长期服药吗? ............................................................089
112. 脑动脉狭窄介入治疗的并发症能预防吗? ............................................................090
113. 治疗颈/脑动脉狭窄的手术方法有哪些? .............................................................091
114. 引起颈/脑动脉狭窄的危险因素有哪些? ............................................................092
115. 如何预防颈/脑动脉狭窄? ....................................................................................092
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