Chapter 1
Brief History of Spinal Endoscopic Surgery
1.1 History and Development of Unichannel Spinal Endoscopy
1.2 History of MED Technique
1.3 History of Bichannel Spinal Endoscopy
Chapter 2
Principles of V-Shape Bichannel Endoscopy System Design
2.1 Keypoints of V-Shape Bichannel Endoscopy System Design
2.2 Composition of V-Shape Bichannel Endoscopy System
2.2.1 V-Shape Channels
2.2.2 Spinal Endoscope
2.2.3 The Use of Trephine
2.2.4 The Lengthened Surgical Instruments
2.2.5 The Water Plugs
2.2.6 The Choice of Interbody Fusion Cages
2.2.7 Bone Graft Materials and Biological Factors
2.3 Foraminoplasty and Working Cannula Placement
2.4 Comparison of V-Shape Bichannel Endoscopy System and Conventional Unichannel Spinal Endoscopy Techniques
2.5 Comparison of V-Shape Bichannel Endoscopic Fusion and Unichannel Spinal Endoscopic Fusion
2.6 Comparison of V-Shape Bichannel Endoscopy System and Unilateral Biportal Endoscopy Techniques
Chapter 3
Clinical Applied Anatomy for V-Shape Bichannel Endoscopy
3.1 General Anatomy of the Lumbosacral Spine
3.1.1 Bone Structures of the Lumbosacral Spine
3.1.2 Connections Between Vertebrae
3.1.3 The Spinal Cord and Nerves of the Lumbosacral Spine
3.1.4 The Vascular Distribution in the Lumbosacral Spine
3.2 Anatomy Related to V-Shape Bichannel Endoscopy Surgical Approaches
3.2.1 Anatomy of the Lumbar Intervertebral Foramen
3.2.2 Anatomy of the Lumbar Facet Joint
3.2.3 The Safety Triangle
Chapter 4
V-Shape Bichannel Endoscopy Assisted Discectomy and Decompression
4.1 Application of Type I V-Shape Bichannel Endoscopy Decompression Cannula in Lumbar Surgery
4.1.1 Structure of Type I VBE Decompression Cannula
4.1.2 Indications
4.1.3 Instruments
4.1.4 Position
4.1.5 Planning
4.1.6 Anesthesia
4.1.7 Establishment of Working Channel for Unichannel Endoscope System
4.1.8 Establishment of Working Channel for Type I VBE Decompression Cannula
4.1.9 Foraminoplasty with Type I VBE Decompression Cannula
4.1.10 Discectomy and Decompression
4.2 Application of Type II V-Shape Bichannel Endoscopy Decompression Cannula in Lumbar Surgery
4.2.1 Structure of Type II VBE Decompression Cannula
4.2.2 Indications
4.2.3 Instruments
4.2.4 Position
4.2.5 Planning
4.2.6 Anesthesia
4.2.7 The Establishment of the Working Cannula
4.2.8 Discectomy and Decompression
Chapter 5
V-Shape Bichannel Endoscopic Lumbar Fusion
5.1 Anatomy
5.2 Surgical Instruments and Equipment
5.3 Layout of Operating Room
5.4 Surgical Indications
5.5 Surgical Contraindications
5.6 Surgical Methods
5.6.1 Preoperative Preparation and Planning
5.6.2 Body Position and Surface Location
5.6.3 Operation Process
5.7 Precautions for Operation
5.7.1 Preoperative Imaging Data Analysis and Surgical Planning
5.7.2 Direction of Puncture
5.7.3 Location of Working Cannula
5.7.4 How to Use a Trephine to Remove Bones
5.7.5 Hemostasis
5.7.6 To Ensure the Fusion of Bone Graft
5.7.7 Use of Water Plug
5.7.8 Precautions of Decompression
5.7.9 Management of Working Cannula Shift
5.7.10 Avoidance of Vascular Injury
5.8 Postoperative Treatment
5.9 Prevention of Complications
5.9.1 Stimulation and Injury of the Outlet Root
5.9.2 Injury of Exiting Root and Dural Sac
5.9.3 Injury of Vessels and Organs in Front of Vertebral
5.9.4 Malposition of Interbody Fusion Cage
5.9.5 Nonunion of Bone Graft
Chapter 6
Clinical Application of V-Shape Bichannel Endoscopy
6.1 Application of V-Shape Bichannel Endoscopy in Lumbar Decompression
6.2 Application of V-Shape Bichannel Endoscopy in Lumbar Fusion
6.2.1 VBE Lumbar Fusion for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
6.2.2 VBE Lumbar Fusion for Spondylolist
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