Preface
Acknowledgements
Author biographies
1 Introduction
References
2 The field of accelerator techniques
2.1 Different types of accelerator
2.2 Orbital accelerators
2.2.1 Cyclotrons
2.2.2 Synchrocyclotrons and isochronous cyclotrons
2.2.3 Synchrotrons
2.3 Linear accelerators
2.4 Direct voltage accelerators
2.5 Tandem electrostatic accelerator
References
3 History of electrostatic accelerators
3.1 Development of Van de Graaff accelerators
3.2 The Herb accelerators
3.3 Commercially produced accelerators
3.4 The development of tandem accelerat~ors
3.5 The big machines
References
4 Electrostatics
4.1 Field distributions
4.2 Potential dividers
References
5 Insulating gases
References
6 Charging systems
6.1 Belt charging systems
6.2 Chain charging systems
6.3 Cascade generator charging systems
References
7 Voltage distribution systems
7.1 Corona point systems
7.2 Resistor chains
Reference
8 High voltage stabilisation
8.1 Feedback voltage stabilisation
8.1.1 Voltage multiplier-high voltage supplies
8.1.2 Stabilisation of chain- and belt-charged accelerators
References
9 Accelerator tubes
9.1 Beam optics
Reference
10 Ion stripper system and terminal pumping
10.1 Charge exchange
10.1.1 Foil strippers
10.1.2 Gas strippers
10.1.3 Terminal pumping
References
11 Electron sources
11.0.1 Thermionic emission
11.0.2 Thermionic emission of electrons from a surface
11.0.3 Field emitters
11.0.4 Plasma electron sources
11.0.5 Photoelectric electron emission
11.1 Thermionic electron gun
References
12 Positive ion sources
12.1 RF-ion sources
12.2 Penning ion sources
12.3 Duoplasmatron ion sources
Reference
13 Negative ion formation processes and sources
13.1 Negative ion formation
13.1.1 Direct extraction from gaseous plasma
13.1.2 Negative-ion formation through charge exchange
13.1.3 Sputter-ion sources as a source of negative ions
Reference
14 Equipment for beam diagnostics
14.1 Measurement of the beam current
14.2 Monitoring the beam diameter and position
14.3 Beam profile monitors
14.4 Beam stoppers and safety equipment
Reference
15 Charged particle optics and beam transport
15.1 Specification of the ion beam
15.1.1 Beam currents, fluxes and fluence
15.2 Charge particle beam optics and beam transport characteristics for different types of end-station beam-lines
15.3 Accelerator ion optics
15.3.1 Particle acceleration and the Lorentz equation
15.3.2 The drift section
15.3.3 Electrostatic acceleration
15.3.4 Electrostatic deflection
15.3.5 Magnetic dipole
15.3.6 Magnetic quadrupoles
References
16 Radiation protection at an accelerator laboratory
16.1 Types of radiation
16.1.1 Interactions of accelerator-induced radiation with matter
16.2 Radiation dosimetry
16.3 Detecting ionising radiation
Reference
17 Computer control of accelerators
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Distributed intelligence
17.2.1 Graphic user interface (GUI) design
17.2.2 Interlock design
17.4 Obsolescence considerations
17.4.1 Control system security
References
18 Vacuum technology for electrostatic accelerators
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Basic high vacuum technology
18.3 Kinetic theory and gas flow in vacuum systems
18.3.1 Differential pumping
18.4 Vacuum components
18.4.1 Vacuum pumps
18.4.2 Roughing and backing pumps
18.4.3 Vacuum valves
18.4.4 Vacuum meters
18.5 Vacuum fittings and materials
18.5.1 Vacuum fittings
18.5.2 Materials
18.6 Accelerator vacuum systems
18.6.1 Troubleshooting accelerator vacuum systems
References
19 Environmental and safety aspects of electrostatic accelerators
19.1 Introduction
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