迈克尔·H. 朗（Michael H. Long）：美国马里兰大学第二语言习得领域的教授，主要研究方向为第二语言习得中的认识论问题与理论发展。

在外语教学过程中，需求分析是外语课程设计的基础，也是老师组织教学、使用教材、决定教学方法和评估教学的基础。本书介绍了需求分析的理论基础和实践方法，涉及多个国家、多个行业的外语教学，对我国的第二语言教学具有极强的借鉴意义，开展有针对性的科学的需求分析，有利于提高外语教学或培训的效率。

Contents
Contributors xxvii
Acknowledgments xxviii
Overview： A rationale for needs analysis and needs analysis
research 1
Michael H． Long
I Methodological issues
Chapter 1 Methodological issues in learner needs analysis 19
Michael H． Long
II The public sector
Chapter 2　Language needs analysis at the societal level 79
Richard D． Brecht & William． P． Rivers
Chapter 3　Foreign language needs assessment in the
US military 105
John A． Lett
III The occupational sector
Chapter 4　 Sources， methods and triangulation in needs analysis： A critical perspective in a case
study of Waikiki hotel maids 127
Rebeca Jasso-Aguilar
Chapter 5 Foreign language need of business firms 159
Sonja Vandermeeren
Chapter 6　Evaluating the use of multiple sources and methods in needs analysis： A case study of
journalists in the Autonomous Community of Catalonia (Spain) 182
Roger Gilabert
Chapter 7　　"Feet speak louder than the tongue"： A preliminary analysis of language provisions for
foreign professional footballers in the Netherlands 200
Eric Kellerman，Hella Koonen，&
Monique van der Haagen?
IV The academic sector
Chapter 8　A task-based needs analysis of a tertiary Korean
as a foreign language program 225
Craig Chaudron， Catherine J． Doughty，
Youngkyu Kim， Dong-kwan Kong， Jinhwa Lee， Young-geun Lee， Michael H． Long， Rachel Rivers，
Ken Urano
V Analyzing target discourse
Chapter 9　Collecting target discourse： The case of the US
naturalization interview 265
Michelle Winn
Chapter 10　A double shot 2% mocha latte， please， with whip：
Service encounters in two coffee shops and at a
coffee cart 305

Nicola J． Downey Bartlett
Chapter 11　When small talk is a big deal： Sociolinguistic
challenges in the workplace 344
Janet Holmes
Index