现在,对很多英语学习者来说,通过词源学习单词已经成为一种常识,但是很多学习者却没有系统学习过词源。本书适合准备TOEIC、TOEFL、GRE等各种英语考试、需要储备大量词汇的学习者。全书共2个章节。第1章由7节构成,整理了盎格鲁-撒克逊前缀、拉丁语前缀、希腊语前缀和表示数字的前缀。第2章是词根篇,共40节。按照罗马字母顺序排序,方便查找。首先介绍一些重要的词根,然后联系一些补充词根。每节约介绍12至15个词根。学习40节后,读者即可学到近15000个单词,并且对词源有一定的了解。
1 ANGLO-SAXON PREFIX( I )
盎格鲁-撒克逊语指公元450~1150年间的英语,也称“古英语”。盎格鲁-撒克逊语前缀多为我们现在经常使用的介词和副词,较为常见,所以学习起来没什么困难。我们重点来学习一下前缀的构成原理和派生词的共同形态。
盎格鲁-撒克逊语前缀 BE-
前缀be-的意思大体可以分为两类。一类是动词前缀,表示“make(使……)”的意思;一类是作为介词或连词,表示“by(旁边)”的意思。作为动词前缀使用时,be-的形态多种多样,因此需要特别注意。
1. 一般加在形容词前构成动词
becalm [bɪˈkɑ:m] 【词源】be(make)+calm →使(=be)+平静(=calm)
使平静(=make calm),使(船)停止前进,使镇静
In earlier times, sailors sometimes died of lack of food if their sailing ship was becalmed for a long time.
befit [bɪˈfɪt] 【词源】be(make)+fit →使(=be)+合适 (=fit)
使合适(=be suited),适合(=be proper for),适宜
She led the procession of mourner’s, as befitted the man’s closest relative.
belittle [bɪˈlɪtl] 【词源】be(make)+little →使(=be)+小(=little)
贬低(=make little of),轻视(=despise)
It was not his habit of mind to belittle an opponent.
belong [bɪˈlɒŋ] 【词源】be(make)+long →使(=be)+长久(=long)
属于(=be a member)(to);有关系(=be relate to, relate with);适应(某个位置或某种状态)(=be cut out for);应在(某处)(=have a right place)
Our past and present belong together, like two sides of the coin.
beware [bɪˈweə(r)] 【词源】be(make)+ware →使(=be)+谨慎的(=ware)
小心(=be cautious),注意(=be careful),提防(=be on guard),(为了不……而)打起精神(=be attentive;be alert)
Shoppers were warned to beware of cut-price fakers.
2. 加在名词和不及物动词前构成及物动词的情况
become [bɪˈkʌm] 【词源】be(make)+come →使(=be)+来(=come)
变成(=come),产生;适合(=be suitable for);与……相称(=go with);适合(=befit for; be apt for)
What has become of her?
The new hair style really becomes you.
beget [bɪˈget] 【词源】be(make)+get →使(=be)+获得(=get)
成为……之父(=procreate;generate),导致(=cause),生(=bear)
Poverty begets hunger, and hunger begets crime.
beguile [bɪˈɡaɪl] 【词源】be(make)+guile →使(=be)+欺诈(=guile)
诱骗(=delude),欺骗(=cheat),愉快地度过(=amuse; comfort)
The newspaper used to beguile the audience into buying shares in its company.
bewilder [bɪˈwɪldə(r)] 【词源】be(make)+wild+er →使(=be)+在田野(=wild+er)
使迷惑(=confuse; perplex),使糊涂
She was completely bewildered by his critical remarks.
Contents 目录
CHAPTER1 PREFIX
1. ANGLO-SAXON PREFIX( I ) / 008
BE- BY- EN- FOR- FORE- MIS-
2. ANGLO PREFIXES( II ) / 019
OUT- OVER- UN- UNDER- UP- WITH-
3. LATIN PREFIXES( I ) / 030
AB- AD- AMBI- ANTE- POST- BENEMALE- CIRCUM- CON-
4 LATIN PREFIXES( II ) / 042
COUNTER-, CONTRA- DE- DIS- EX- EXTER-, EXTRA- ININTRA-, INTRO- ENTER-, INTER- OB- PRE-
5. LATIN PREFIXES( III ) / 053
PRE- PRO- RE-, RETRO- SE- SUB- SUR-, SUPER- SUPR- TRANS- INFER-,INFRA- ULTRA- PRIM-, PRIN-
6. GREEK PREFIXES / 063
A-, ANA- ANTI- APO- AUTO- CACO- CATA- DIA- DYS- ECTO- ENDOEN-,EM- EXO- EO- ESO- EPI- EU- HYPER- HYPOHOLO-
HETERO- HOMO- MISO- PERI- PROTO- PSEUDOSYN- TELE-
7. NUMERICAL PREFIXEX / 076
HALF ONE TWO THREE FOUR FIVE SIX SEVEN EIGHT Nine TEN HUNDERD THOUSAND MANY ALL
CHAPTER2 ROOT
SECTTON 1 / 090
基本词根 ACT, AG ALI, ALITER
补充词根 AC, ACR, ACU ACRO AERO AESTHET AGOGUE AGON AGRO, AGRI ALB, ALP ALGIA ALI
SECTION 2 / 103
基本词根 AMOR ANIM
补充词根 ALT AMBLE ANCE, HANCE ANG, ANX ANDROS ANTHROPOS ANN, ENN APT, EPT AQUA ARGU
SECTION 3 / 116
基本词根 ARCHY ARCH BAN
补充词根 ARM ART ASPER ASTRO AUDI AUX, AUG AVI BALL BAR BAS
SECTION 4 / 130
基本词根 CAP, CAPT
补充词根 CEPHAL
基本词根 CEIVE, CEPT
补充词根 BAT BELL BIBE BIBLIOS BIOS BLANC BOL, BL BRACE BREV BURS
SECTION 5 / 144
基本词根 CAD CIDE
补充词根 CAL CAMP CAND, CENS CAR CARE, CURE CARN CAUSE, CUSE CAVE CELER CEL
SECTION 6 / 157
基本词根 CEDE, CESS CANT
补充词根 CELL CENS CENTER CERN CHARGE CAST, CHAST CHIRO CHROM CHRONO CINCT
SECTION 7 / 169
基本词根 CLUDE, CLOSE CORD, CARD
补充词根 CIRCULARI CITE CIVI CLAR CLAM, CLAIM CLIM CLIN COLL COL CONCH
SECTION 8 / 184
基本词根 CRACY CRE, CRET
补充词根 CORP COSMOS COVER CRIM, CULP CRIT, CRIS
CRUC, CRUX CRYPTOS, COND CUMB, CUMBE, CUB CULT CUSS, SEISM
SECTION 9 / 198
基本词根 CRED CUR, COUR
补充词根 DACTYLO DAMN DATE DEBT, DEBIT DEI, DIV DENT DERM, DERMAT DEXTER DIGN DI, DIURN
SECTION 10 / 212
基本词根 DEMO, DEMON DIC
补充词根 DOL DOM, DOMIN DON DORM DRESS DROM DUR DYNAM EGO EMPT, EMP
SECTION 11 / 226
基本词根 DOCT DUCERE EQUA, EQUI
补充词根 ERG, ERGY ERR ESCE ESS EV FACE FAN FARE FEND
SECTION 12 / 241
基本词根 FA FID
补充词根 FILL FIRM FIX FLAGR FLAT FLEXT, FLEX FLICK, FLICT FLORI FOLI FUND
SECTION 13 / 255
基本词根 FAC FICT
补充词根 FORT FRACT, FRAG, FRANG FRANC, FRANCE, FRANK FRONT FUG FOME GAL GAMOS GASTROS GEOS
SECTION 14 / 270
基本词根 FER FIN
补充词根 GLOB GON GORGE GRAM GRAPH GRAC,GRAT GRAV GREG HABIT, HAV HAP
SECTION 15 / 286
基本词根 FLU FROM
补充词根 HELIO HEMATO HERB HERE, HES HERIT HIBERN HYPNO IDENT IDIO IDOL
SECTION 16 / 298
基本词根 FUS GEN
补充词根 IGN INSUL ISO ITIS JUD JUR JUS JUVEN LABOR LAC, LACT
SECTION 17 / 312
基本词根 GER, GEST
补充词根 LAB LAST LATERAL LATRY LAV, LUV, LOT LEN, LENT LEPSY LEV LIBER, LIVER
SECTION 18 / 324
基本词根 GRAD, GRESS HUM, HOM
补充词根 LINQU,LICT LINGU LIQU LITER LONG LUD LYSIS MACRO MAGN MAJ
SECTION 19 / 338
基本词根 HOR HYDRO
补充词根 MAN MAND, MEND MANIA MAR MATER PATER MARC, MARK MAX, MINI MELAN MEL
SECTION 20 / 351
基本词根 JAC, JECT JOIN, JUNCT
补充词根 MED MEDI, MEDIC MEMO MEN, MENS MIN, MEN MENS, MEAS MENT MERCE MERG, MERS META
SECTION 21 / 367
基本词根 LAT LEG, LECT
补充词根 METER, METR MIGR MILIT MINISTER MIR MIX,MISC MODE MOL MONIT MONT
SECTION 22 / 381
基本词根 LOC LOCUT, LOQU LOGY, LOGUE
补充词根 MONY MORPH MORT, MORS MUN, MON MUT NAT NARCO NEB, NEPH NECR, NECRO NECT, NEX
SECTION 23 / 394
基本词根 LUC, LUMIN MAN, MANI, MANU
补充词根 NEG, NEGA NERV, NEURO NOC, NOX NOMY NORM NOTE NOUNCE, NUNC UNMBER, NUMER NUR(S), NUTRI OCUL
SECTION 24 / 407
基本词根 MISS, MIT MOB, MOV, MOT
补充词根 HOD, OD ODE ODOR, OL ONT OPER OPT OP OR ORD ORI, ORT
SECTION 25 / 421
基本词根 NAI, NAT NOM, NOMEN
补充词根 ORTHO OSS, OSTEO OV PAC PAN PART PASS PATH PED PAED, PED
SECTION 26 / 435
基本词根 NOV PAR
补充词根 PEL, PULS PEN, PUN PEPS PER, PIRE PAT, PET PHAY PHALL PHOB PHILO PHOTO
SECTION 27 / 449
基本词根 PAR PEND
补充词根 PHREN PHYSIO PHYTO PICT PILE PLAC PLAN PLAS PLANT PLU
SECTION 28 / 462
基本词根 PHON PLEN, PLIC
补充词根 PNEUM POD, PUS PONDER POPUL, PUBL POT PRAIS, PREC PREHEND PRESS PRIS PRIV
LECTURE 29 / 476
基础词根 PORT PON, POSE
补充词根 PROB, PROV PROPER PSYCH PTO PUD PUNCT PUGN PUR PUT PYRO
SECTION 30 / 492
基本词根 QUER, QUEST
补充词根 ROG QUIET RADIC RADI RANGE RAP, RAV RAS RAT REPT RRH RHINO
LECTURE 31 / 504
基本词根 RECT, REG SCRIBE, SCRIPT
补充词根 RID RIV ROB RODE, ROS ROL, ROT RUPT SACR(O),SECR SAG, SAP, SIP SAL SAL, SULT
SECTION 32 / 518
基本词根 SENS, SENT SED, SID, SESS
补充词根 SANCT SAN, SALUB SANGUIN SATIS SCAL SCEND SCRE, SCRU SCUT, SQU SEC, SECT SEMBLE
SECTION 33 / 530
基本词根 SERV SIGN
补充词根 SEMEN, SEMIN SEQUE, SECUT SERT SIMIL SOCI SOLD SOLVE, SOLOTE SOMNUS SOPH SOR
SECTION 34 / 543
基本词根 SPEC, SPECT SPIR, SPER
补充词根 SORT SPHERE SPOND, SPONS STALL STELL STENO STEREO STICK, STIG STING, STINCT STOM
SECTION 35 / 554
基本词根 SIST, STA STAT, STIT, STIC
补充词根 STONE STORE STRATO STRI STRU SUE SUM SUM,SUMP SURG SURE
SECTION 36 / 569
基本词根 TEN, TIN, TAIN TEND
补充词根 TACT, TACH, TAG, TACK, TANG TAIL TAX TEX,TEXT TOX TEG TECHN TEMPO TENU TERG, TERS
SECTION 37 / 581
基本词根 TRA, TRACT VAC, VAG, VOID
补充词根 TERMIN TERRA TERR TEST THE,THEO THERAPY THES, THET TIRE TOM TON, TONE
LECTURE 38 / 594
基本词根 VAL, VAIL VEN, VENT
补充词根 TOR, TORT TORN, TOUR STRPHE TRIBUTE TRUD,TRUS TUBER, TURN TURB TYPH UMBR UND, OUND
SECTION 39 / 606
基本词根 VERT VIA
补充词根 URB US, UT VARI VEH VELO VERB VER VIC,VICIS VINC VITA
SECTION 40 / 621
基本词根 VID VOC VOL
补充词根 VOL, VOLUN VOLC, VULC VOLVE,VOLU VOR VULG VULS WAR, WARD ZOO ZYMO